Julius Nepos Totally Explained

Everything about Julius Nepos totally explained

Julius Nepos (c. 430–480) was a Western Emperor (474–475 or –480) during the last stage of the Western Roman Empire. He is also sometimes considered the last De jure Roman Emperor. He reigned, at first, over Italy and the adjoining areas yet held by the Western Empire. As of 475, he ruled only over Dalmatia and had legal influence over Gaul, having been deposed and replaced with Romulus Augustus (Augustulus) (in effect if not in law) in the rest of the Western remnant. The Eastern Roman Empire continued to recognize Nepos as rightful Western Emperor, to the end of his life. It never so recognized Romulus, whose tenure ended in his deposition in 476 by the Herulian Odoacer. Augustulus wasn't replaced. Nepos was thus either the next-to-last or the last Western Emperor, depending on how one looks at the matter.

Rise to power

Nepos was the husband of the niece of the Eastern Roman emperor Leo, hence his nepos — "nephew" — agnomen, and was named as emperor in the West by Leo in 474, in order to end the reign of the usurper Glycerius, who had been raised to the throne by a Burgundian magister militum in the western capital of Ravenna. Officially, however, Leo was sole emperor in such a case and had the right to select a new western Augustus. He chose Nepos, the governor of the province of Dalmatia, and in June 474 Nepos entered Ravenna, was accepted as emperor and forced Glycerius to step down. Glycerius was shunted off to Dalmatia as bishop of the city of Salona, where they later crossed paths again.

Rule

As emperor, Nepos tried to consolidate the empire's remaining Western holdings, which consisted of Italy, part of the Balkans and footholds in northern and southern Gaul. He was able to renegotiate a recently concluded peace settlement with the Visigoths and their king Euric, which restored the Provence region of Gaul to imperial control in exchange for some other, minor territories where Nepos was unable to maintain firm control. But he was less successful in negotiating with Geiseric, the king of the Vandals, who was once again launching pirate attacks on Italy's coasts. Having recently made peace with the eastern empire, Geiseric saw no need to make new concessions to Nepos.
Nepos was, by all accounts, one of the more capable of the late western emperors, but he was unpopular with the Roman Senate, which disliked him for his close ties to the east. When Nepos made the mistake of appointing the untrustworthy Orestes as his magister militum, his lack of a western core of support came back to haunt him.

Fall

On August 28, 475, Orestes took control of the government at Ravenna and forced Nepos to flee by ship to Dalmatia. Since he couldn't become emperor himself, as a Germanic tribesman, Orestes appointed his son Romulus, who was born to his Roman wife, as the new emperor. The boy was probably no more than 10 years old, and, known to history as Romulus Augustulus, is usually considered the last Roman emperor in the west.
   However, Nepos continued to rule in Dalmatia as the rightful western emperor, and continued to be recognized as such in Gaul and in the eastern court. When Odoacer captured Ravenna, killed Orestes and deposed Romulus on September 4, 476, he proclaimed himself ruler of Italy and asked the eastern emperor Zeno to legalize his position as patricius of the Roman Empire and Zeno's viceroy in Italy. Zeno did so, but insisted that he recognize Nepos as western emperor. Odoacer did this, and even issued coins in Nepos' name throughout Italy. A similar situation obtained in north Gaul where the Roman general Syagrius minted coins in Nepos' name until his defeat in 486. By a collusion of convenience the western Empire continued to exist after 476, but only as a legal formality.
   Similar arrangements might have continued for many years hadn't events taken another course. First, in about 479, Nepos began to plot against Odoacer, hoping to regain control of Italy for himself. Another, perhaps (sources aren't sure on this) is that Glycerius, who continued as bishop of Salona, was plotting revenge against Nepos. What is certain is that Odoacer was determined to get rid of him.
   He was murdered by his soldiers (he was pierced by unexpected blows) on one of three dates — April 25, May 9 or June 22 — of 480. The April 25 date is probably the correct one . Almost immediately, Odoacer invaded Dalmatia, defeated a force led by the Roman general Ovida on December 9, and added the province to his own kingdom. Adding fuel to the suspicions about Glycerius is a report that Odoacer then made him bishop of Mediolanum.

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